Apsara sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[File:MET DP-1062-001.jpg|thumb|Hindistonning Madhya-Pradesh shtatidan topilgan XII asrga oid qumtoshdan yasalgan apsara haykali.]]
'''Apsaralar'''<ref>Suryakant Tripathi Nirala. (2024). ''अप्सरा [Apsara (In English)]''. New Delhi, India: Vani Prakashan. 172 pp. {{ISBN|978-935-7-75687-7}}</ref><ref>Yashpal. (2009). ''अप्सरा का शाप [Apsara ka shrap (Curse of Nymph) (in English)]''. (Reprint of 1931). New Delhi, India: Rajkamal Prakashan. 171 pp. {{ISBN|978-818-0-31382-0}}.</ref> ([[Sanskrit]]: अप्सरस्, IAST: Apsaras, Pali: अच्छरा, romanizatsiya: Accharā<ref>American Oriental Society. (1849). „Memoir on The History of Buddhism, read before the Society May 24, 1844, by [[Edward E. Salisbury]], Professor in Yale College“, in ''JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY VOL. I''. Boston, MA: The American Oriental Society. p. 116.</ref><ref>Stevenson, A. et al. (2010). „apsara“, in ''Oxford Dictionary of English''. (3rd Ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2,069 pp. {{ISBN|978-019-9-57112-3}} cited in Bowker, J. (2000). ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions''. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 78.</ref>, [[Kxmer tili|kxmer]]: អប្សរា<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Jasmeet |date=2016-07-22 |title=Everything You Must Know About the Apsara Traditional Dance – Green Cultural Travel |url=https://www.greenculturaltravel.com/everything-you-must-know-about-apsara-traditional-dance/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>, Tailand: นางอัปสรา) – hindu va buddist madaniyatida osmonda yashagan ilohiy mavjudotlar sinfiga mansub boʻlgan maxluqlar<ref>Higham, C.. (2014). ''Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations''. N. Y., United States: Facts On File, Inc. p. 24. {{ISBN|978-143-8-10996-1}}</ref><ref>Thakur P., Kalidasa, and Arthur W. Ryder. (2012). „GLOSSARAY: Apsara“, in ''ABHIJNANSAKUNTALAM (The Recognition of Sakuntala--A Well-known Sanskrit Play by KALIDASA, The Greatest Poet and Dramatist in the Sanskrit Language.) (Improvised Edition): Originally Translated by Arthur W. Ryder''. N. C., United States: Lulu Press, Inc. 202 pp. {{ISBN|978-110-5-42805-0}}</ref><ref>Madhumita Dutta and Soumya Narayan Datta. (2021). „The Mythology of the Apsara Urvasie and its modern interpretation by Arundhuti Bhadra“, in ''URVASIE From Mythological To Postmodern Reflections''. West Bengal, India: Cognition Publications. p. 52. {{ISBN|978-939-2-205019}}</ref><ref>Kumar, Ajit et al. (2020). ''Apsara Sadhana (Evocation Magic of Ancient Hindu Celestial Beauties): Ramba, Urvasi, Tilotama, Sasi Devi, Kanchanamala, Kulaharini, Ratnamala, Bhusani and Many More Information Regarding Attraction''. N.p.: Amazon Digital Services LLC – KDP. 44 pp. {{ISBN|979-865-8-82171-9}}</ref><ref>K. Narayanaswami Aiyar. (1915). ''THE PERMANENT HISTORY OF BHARATA VARSHA (India) Vol. I''. Tamil Nadu, India: Bhaskara Press. p. 420.</ref><ref>Stewart, P. and Rienjang, W. (2020). ''The Global Connections of Gandharan Art Proceedings of the Third International Workshop of the Gandhara Connections Project, University of Oxford, 18-19th March, 2019''. Oxford, United Kingdom: Archaeopress Publishing Limited. p. 240. {{ISBN|978-178-9-69696-7}}</ref>. Ular oʻz raqslari bilan xudolarni tinchlantiradi degan tasavvur mavjud boʻlgan{{sfn|Najmiddinov, Karimov, Turdiyeva|2017|p=43}}.

Dastlab ular bulutlar va suvlarning ayol ruhi sifatida tasvirlangan, keyinchalik esa „[[nimfalar|nimfa]]“ yoki „pari“ sifatida etirof etilgan. [[Janubiy Osiyo]] va [[Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo]] madaniyatlarining haykaltaroshlik, raqs, adabiyot va rassomlik asarlarida ular muhim oʻrin tutadi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/apsara|title=Apsara {{!}} Indian religion and mythology|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref>.

Apsaralar goʻzal, yosh va nafis mavjudotlar sifatida tasvirlanadi hamda xohlagan shaklga kira olish qobiliyatiga ega deb hisoblanadi. Ular oʻz jozibasi bilan har qanday kishini oʻziga maftun qila oladi.

Apsaralar ikki turga boʻlinadi: laukika (dunyoviy) va daivika (ilohiy). Ular raqs sanʼatida mohir va koʻpincha gandharvalar, yaʼni [[Indra]] saroy musiqachilarining rafiqalari boʻlishadi. Apsaralar xudolarning saroylarida yashab, gandharvalarning musiqasi ostida raqs tushib, ularni zavqlantirishadi.

Indraning saroyida yigirma oltita apsara boʻlib, har biri sahna sanʼatining turli jihatlarini ifodalaydi. Shu bois, ularni baʼzan [[Qadimgi Yunoniston|qadimgi yunon]] [[Muzalar|Muzalariga]] oʻxshatishadi. Apsaralar, shuningdek, rishilarni ilohiy kuchga erishishiga toʻsqinlik qilish uchun oʻz jozibasi bilan maftun qilishadi. Eng mashhur apsaralar orasida Urvashi, Menaka, Rambha, Tilottama va Ghritachi bor<ref>{{Cite book |title=India through the ages |url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada |last=Gopal |first=Madan |year=1990 |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/68 68] |editor=K.S. Gautam |publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref><ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Apsaras|volume=2|page=231}}</ref>.

Yaponiyada apsaralar „[[Tennin]]“ (天人) nomi bilan tanilgan. Ayol apsaralar „Tennyo“ (天女), erkak apsaralar esa „Tennan“ (天男) deb ataladi.

== Etimologiyasi ==
[[File: Celestial fairies Apsaras on Hindu Temple at Banares 1913.jpg|thumb|Varanasi (Banares) dagi hindu ibodatxonasida tasvirlangan apsaralar. (1913-yil)]]
„Apsara“ soʻzi [[Sanskrit|sanskrit tilidagi]] अप्सरस् (apsaras) soʻzidan kelib chiqqan boʻlib, bu uning lugʻaviy asosiy shaklidir. Ushbu asosiy shakl „s“ harfi bilan tugaydi. Masalan, Ram maʼbudining nomi Rāmas / Rāmaḥ kabi nominativ birlik shakllaridan farq qiladi, chunki uning asosiy shakli Rāma.

Nominativ birlik shakli अप्सरास् (apsarās) yoki yolgʻiz qoʻllanganda अप्सरा: (apsarāḥ) boʻlib, hind tilida bu shakl अप्सरा (apsarā) ga aylangan. Ingliz tilidagi „apsara“ soʻzi ham aynan shundan kelib chiqqan deb taxmin qilinadi.

Monier-Williams lugʻatida (1899) ushbu soʻzning etimologiyasi अप् + √सृ dan hosil boʻlgan deb koʻrsatilgan boʻlib, „suvlarda yoki bulutlar orasida harakat qiluvchi“ degan maʼnoni anglatadi<ref>{{cite dictionary |last1=Monier-Williams |first1=Monier, Sir |author1-link=Monier Monier-Williams |last2=Leumann |first2=Ernst |last3=Cappeller |first3=Carl |year=1899 |title=apsara |dictionary=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House |page=59 |isbn=978-81-208-3105-6 |lang=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUezTfym7CAC&q=apsara }}</ref>.

Apsaralar [[Kxmer tili|kxmer tilida]] Apsara (អប្សរា Âbsâréa) nomi bilan mashhur. Ular [[Pali|pali tilida]] Accharā, [[Malay tili|malay]] va maranao tillarida Bidadari, tausug va sinama tillarida Biraddali, [[Java tili|yava]], [[Sundan tili|sundan]] va bali tillarida Hapsari / Apsari yoki Vidadari / Vidyadari, [[Manipur tili|manipur tilida]] Helloy hamda [[Tay tili|tay tilida]] Apsorn (อัปสร) deb ataladi.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Adabiyotlar ==
* {{Kitob manbasi|author=Najmiddinov J., Karimov J., Turdiyeva D.|title=Dinshunoslik. Qomusiy lugʻat|date=2017|publisher=Imom Buxoriy xalqaro markazi nashriyoti|locatiion=Samarqand|pages=480|isbn=978-9943-5105-3-1|ref=Najmiddinov, Karimov, Turdiyeva}}



[[Turkum:Mifologiya]]
[[Turkum:Apsara]]
[[Turkum:Hind ma’budalari]]