Barid sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''''Barīd''''' ({{Lang-ar|بريد}}, koʻpincha „pochta xizmati“ deb tarjima qilinadi) – [[Umaviylar xalifaligi|Umaviylar]], keyinchalik [[Abbosiylar xalifaligi|Abbosiylar xalifaligida]] hukumat tomonidan boshqariladigan pochta xizmati. Ilk [[islom]] davridagi muhim tashkilotlardan biri boʻlgan ''barīd'' nafaqat xalifalik boʻylab rasmiy xat-hujjatlarning yetkazilishini taʼminlagan, balki ichki aygʻoqchilik agentligi sifatida ham faoliyat yuritgan. Bu esa xalifalarga viloyatlardagi voqealar va amaldorlarning faoliyati haqida maʼlumot bergan.

== Tarixi ==
[[Musulmon|Musulmonlarning]] ''barid'' tashkiloti ulardan oldin hukmronlik qilgan [[Vizantiya imperiyasi]] va [[Sosoniylar|Sosoniylarning]] pochta tizimlariga asoslangan boʻlishi mumkin{{Sfn|Silverstein|2006}}. Qadim zamonlardan beri [[Yaqin Sharq|Yaqin Sharqda]] pochta tizimlari mavjud boʻlib, bunday tashkilotlar islomdan oldingi bir qancha davlatlarda faoliyat yuritgan. Yoʻllar boʻyida yashovchi aholini u yerdan oʻtib ketayotgan askarlar va amaldorlarning yuklarini tashishga majburlash yoki Ptolemeylar davrida Misrda boʻlgani kabi davlat xizmatlari uchun yuk tashuvchi hayvonlardan foydalanish anʼanasi [[Ahamoniylar imperiyasi]] davridan beri mavjud boʻlgan va IV asrda Rim qonunchiligi tomonidan kuchga kiritilgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=M. Rostowzew |authorlink=Michael Rostovtzeff |year=1906 |title=Angariae |location=Leipzig |publisher=Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung |pages=249–258, mainly conclusion on p. 249 |url=https://archive.org/stream/kliobeitrgezur06deutuoft#page/248/mode/2up |accessdate=8 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Friedrich Preisigke |year=1907 |title=Die ptolemäische Staatspost [The Ptolemaic state post] |location=Leipzig |publisher=Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung |pages=241–277 |url=https://archive.org/stream/kliobeitrgezur07deutuoft#page/n3/mode/2up |accessdate=8 April 2015}}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
{{refbegin}}
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* {{The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq}}
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* {{cite encyclopedia | article = The Internal Structure of the Saljuq Empire | first = A.K.S. | last = Lambton | author-link = Ann Lambton | encyclopedia = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods | editor-first = J.A. | editor-last = Boyle | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 1968 | isbn = 0-521-06936-X | pages = 203–282 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=16yHq5v3QZAC&pg=PA267 }}
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* {{EI2 | title = Barid | first = D. | last = Sourdel | authorlink = Dominique Sourdel | volume = 1 | pages = 1045–1046 | url = http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/barid-SIM_1233}}
* {{cite book | last = Al-Tabari | first = Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir | author-link = Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari | editor1 = Ehsan Yar-Shater | title = The History of Al-Ṭabarī. | volume = 40 vols. | publisher = State University of New York Press | location = Albany, NY | date = 1985–2007 }}
* {{cite book | last = Yaqut | first = Ibn 'Abdallah al-Hamawi | author-link = Yaqut al-Hamawi | title = The Introductory Chapters of Yaqut's Mu'jam al-Buldan | publisher = E.J. Brill | editor-first = Wadie | editor-last = Jwaideh | isbn = 90-04-08268-9 | location = Leiden | year = 1959 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=a_8UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA54 }}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Umaviylar xalifaligiga oid mavzular}}

[[Turkum:Umaviylar xalifaligi hokimiyati]]
[[Turkum:Abbosiylar xalifaligi hokimiyati]]