Halab qamali sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Halab qamali''' 1400- yilda [[Temuriylar imperiyasi]] va [[Mamluklar davlati|Mamluklar sultonligi]] oʻrtasidagi urush mobaynida sodir boʻlgan muhim voqealardan biri.

== Tarix ==
1400-yilda Temur qoʻshinlari [[Armaniston]] va [[Gruziya]] zabt etishdi, soʻngra [[Sivas (viloyat)]], [[Malatya (viloyat)]] va [[Gaziantep|Ayntobni]] egallab oldilar. Keyinchalik Temur qoʻshinlari ehtiyotkorlik bilan Halab tomon yurdilar va u yerda har kecha shaharga yaqinlashganda mustahkam qarorgoh qurishga intildilar. Mamluklar shahar devorlari tashqarisida ochiq jang qilishga qaror qildilar. Ikki kunlik toʻqnashuvlardan soʻng Temurning otliq qoʻshinlari yoy shaklida tezlik bilan harakatlanib, dushman chizigʻi qanotlariga hujum qilishdi, uning markazi esa Hindistondan kelgan fillarni oʻz ichiga olgan holda mustahkam ushlab turdi.<ref name="britannica">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Aleppo-1400|sarlavha=Battle of Aleppo|ish=Britannica}}</ref> Otliqlarning shiddatli hujumlari Halab hokimi Temurtosh boshchiligidagi mamluklar safini buzib, shahar darvozalari tomon qochishga majbur qildi.<ref name="everything2">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://everything2.com/index.pl?node=Battle%20of%20Aleppo|sarlavha=The Seven Years Campaign, Part 2: War with the Mamluks|ish=everything2.com|sana=22 February 2003|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131348/https://everything2.com/index.pl?node=Battle%20of%20Aleppo|arxivsana=2018-01-17}}</ref> Shundan soʻng Temur Halabni egalladi, soʻng shahar tashqarisida 20 000 bosh suyagidan iborat minora qurishni buyurib, koʻplab aholini qirgʻin qildi.<ref name="everything2" />

Temurning Halab qamalida Suriyaga bostirib kirishi chog‘ida Ibn Tag‘ribirdiyning yozishicha, Temurning tatar askarlari Halabning tubjoy ayollarini ommaviy zo‘rlaganlar, ularning bolalarini qirg‘in qilganlar, ayollarning aka-uka va otalarini esa Halabda sodir bo‘lgan to‘dali zo‘rlashlarni tomosha qilishga majburlaganlar. masjidlar.<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Yosef|first=Koby|editor=Amitai|title=The Mamluk Sultanate from the Perspective of Regional and World History: Economic, Social and Cultural Development in an Era of Increasing International Interaction and Competition|date=2019|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|isbn=978-3847004110|page=173|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4-dDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Just+for+example%2C+during+the+conquest+of+Aleppo+the+%E2%80%9CTatars%E2%80%9D+are+said+to+have+killed+all+the+children+and+raped+the+women.+Ibn+Taghr%C4%B1+%CC%84bird%C4%B1+%CC%84says+that+the+%E2%80%9CTatars%E2%80%9D+used+to+take+women+to+the+mosque+and+rape+them+in+groups+in+front+of+their+...%22&pg=PA173|chapter=Cross-Boundary Hatred: (Changing) Attitudes towards Mongol and "Christian" mamlūks in the Mamluk Sultanate}}</ref> Ibn Tagʻribirdining aytishicha, bolalar va ayollar masjidga panoh topishga harakat qilgandan soʻng, Halabdagi Buyuk masjidda ayollarni arqon bilan bogʻlagan tatarlar barcha bolalarni oʻldirgan. Tatar askarlari kichik masjidlarda ham, Ulugʻ masjidda ham ochiqchasiga janob ayollar va bokira qizlarni zoʻrlaganlar. Ayollarning akalari va otalari qiynoqqa solinib, qarindoshlarining zoʻrlanishini kuzatishga majbur boʻlishdi. Koʻchalar va masjidlardagi jasadlar Aleppoga hid bosdi. Ayollar turli erkaklar tomonidan bir necha marta guruhli zoʻrlangan holda yalangʻoch holda saqlangan.<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Burns|first=Ross|title=Aleppo: A History|date=2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1134844012|page=189|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jz4lDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22A+tatar+would+seize+a+woman+and+ravage+her+in+the+Great+Mosque+or+one+of+the+smaller+mosques+in+sight+of+the+vast+multitude%22&pg=PA189|series=Cities of the Ancient World}}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Frey|first=Rebecca Joyce|title=Genocide and International Justice|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0816073108|page=188|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m569AfPJkB4C&dq=%22A+tatar+would+seize+a+woman+and+ravage+her+in+the+Great+Mosque+or+one+of+the+smaller+mosques+in+sight+of+the+vast+multitude%22&pg=PA188|series=Global Issues - Facts On File}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/taghri1.htm|sarlavha=The Invasion of Syria by Tamerlane (1400-1) and Ibn Taghri Birdi's description of the life of Tamerlane|muallif=|ism=|sana=|ish=De Re Militari » The Society for Medieval Military History|nashriyot=|qaralgan sana=|iqtibos=}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://dar.aucegypt.edu/bitstream/handle/10526/4782/2.docx?sequence=1|sarlavha=The Question of Islamophobia and Marlowe's Tamburlaine the Great|muallif=Al-Abboud|ism=D|sana=|ish=American University of Cairo|nashriyot=|qaralgan sana=|iqtibos=|arxivsana=2019-01-29|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129232457/http://dar.aucegypt.edu/bitstream/handle/10526/4782/2.docx?sequence=1}}</ref>

== Manbalar ==
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{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Amir Temurning janglari]]
[[Turkum:Temuriylar ishtirokidagi qamallar]]