Human Rights Watch sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

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'''Human Rights Watch''' ({{talaffuz|Hyuman Raits Votch}}; '''HRW''') — [[inson huquqlari]]ga doir tadqiqot va targʻibot ishlarini olib boradigan xalqaro nodavlat tashkilot boʻlib, bosh ofisi [[New York shahri]]da joylashgan<ref name="FAQ">{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.hrw.org/node/75138|title=Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2015-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104193654/http://www.hrw.org/node/75138|archive-date=2015-01-04|url-status=live}}{{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104193654/http://www.hrw.org/node/75138 |date=2015-01-04 }}</ref>. Guruh hukumatlar, siyosatchilar, kompaniyalar va ayrim inson huquqlari buzuvchilariga inson huquqlari buzilishini qoralaydi hamda bu huquqlarni hurmat qilishni talab qiladi. Guruh koʻpincha qochqinlar, bolalar, muhojirlar va siyosiy mahbuslar nomidan faoliyat yuritadi.

Human Rights Watch 1997-yilda [[Piyodalarga qarshi minani taqiqlash bo'yicha xalqaro harakat]]ning taʼsischisi oʻlaroq [[Tinchlik boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ga loyiq topildi hamda [[Kasseta oʻq-dorilar toʻgʻrisidagi konvensiya|2008-yilgi kasseta oʻq-dorilarni taqiqlash toʻgʻrisidagi konvensiya]]da yetakchi rol oʻynadi<ref>{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.hrw.org/history|title=History|date=21-aprel 2015-yil|access-date=8-may 2017-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508233353/https://www.hrw.org/history|archive-date=8-may 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>.

Tashkilotning yillik xarajatlari 2011-yilda $50.6 millionni<ref name="Financial Statements, Year Ended 30-iyun 2011-yil">{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/financial-statements-2011.pdf|title=Financial Statements, Year Ended 30-iyun 2011-yil|publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2012-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617013623/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/financial-statements-2011.pdf|archive-date=17-iyun 2012-yil|url-status=live}}{{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617013623/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/financial-statements-2011.pdf |date=2012-06-17 }}</ref>, 2014-yilda $69.2 millionni<ref>{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/financial-statements-2014.pdf|title=Financial Statements, Year Ended 30-iyun 2014-yil|publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2016-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817023901/https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/financial-statements-2014.pdf|archive-date=17-avgust 2016-yil|url-status=live}}</ref> va 2017-yilda $75.5 millionni tashkil etdi<ref>{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/supporting_resources/english_annual_report_2017.pdf|title=Annual Report 2017|publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2018-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702105247/https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/supporting_resources/english_annual_report_2017.pdf|archive-date=2018-07-02|url-status=live}}</ref>.
== Tarixi ==
Human Rights Watch 1978-yilda [[Robert Bernshteyn]] va [[Ari Nayer]] tomonidan [[SSSR]]ning 1975-yildagi [[Xelsinki]] kelishuvlariga rioya etilishini nazorat qilish uchun xususiy [[Amerika]] nodavlat tashkiloti Xelsinki Watch sifatida tashkil etilgan<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|title=Opinion {{!}} Rights Watchdog, Lost in the Mideast|first=Robert L.|last=Bernstein|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/20/opinion/20bernstein.html|work=The New York Times|date=2009-10-19|accessdate=2019-02-12|language=en|archivedate=2019-02-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208205121/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/20/opinion/20bernstein.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hrp.law.harvard.edu/events-calendar/wednesday-april-18-a-talk-by-aryeh-neier-co-founder-of-human-rights-watch-president-of-the-open-society-foundations/|title=Today, April 18: A Talk by Aryeh Neier, Co-Founder of Human Rights Watch, President of the Open Society Foundations « Human Rights @ Harvard Law|publisher=hrp.law.harvard.edu|accessdate=2019-02-12|archive-date=2018-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041041/http://hrp.law.harvard.edu/events-calendar/wednesday-april-18-a-talk-by-aryeh-neier-co-founder-of-human-rights-watch-president-of-the-open-society-foundations/|deadlink=no}}</ref>. Tashkilot ommaviy axborot vositalari va siyosatchilar bilan toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri aloqalar orqali inson huquqlarini buzayotgan hukumatlarga ommaviy bosim oʻtkazdi<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/our-history|title=Our History|author=|website=|date=|publisher=Human Rights Watch|lang=en|accessdate=2019-02-12|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226110849/https://www.hrw.org/our-history|deadlink=no}}</ref>. Tashkilotning oʻzi taʼkidlashicha, SSSR va Sharqiy blok mamlakatlaridagi inson huquqlari buzilishiga xalqaro eʼtiborni jalb qilish 1980-yillar oxirida mintaqadagi demokratik oʻzgarishlarga xizmat qilgan.

1981-yilda Americas Watch [[Markaziy Amerika]]dagi fuqarolar urushlaridagi taxmin qilingan urush jinoyatlarini tekshirish uchun yaratilgan. Keyinchalik boshqa mintaqaviy filiallar tashkil etildi — The Watch Committees tarkibiga kiruvchi Asia Watch (1985), Africa Watch (1988) va Middle East Watch (1989). 1988-yilda ular Human Rights Watch deb nomlangan yagona tuzilmaga birlashtirildi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Human-Rights-Watch|title=Human Rights Watch {{!}} international organization|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|lang=en|accessdate=2019-02-12|archive-date=2014-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111085857/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1459072/Human-Rights-Watch|deadlink=no}}</ref>.
== Faoliyati ==
Human Rights Watch dunyoning yuzdan ortiq mamlakatlarida inson huquqlarini himoya qilish boʻyicha oʻz faoliyatini olib boradi. Tashkilotning maqsadi inson huquqlari hurmat qilinadigan dunyoni qurishdir<ref name="YouTube">{{cite video | people=Charbonneau, L., Daly, E., Roth, K., Richrdson, S. | date=2020-01-14 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhTUiIey00A | title=World Report 2020: Live from the UN | medium=YouTube | location= | publisher=Human Rights Watch | accessdate=2021-03-29 | time=4:14 | archive-date=2020-04-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415173600/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhTUiIey00A | url-status=live }} {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhTUiIey00A |title=Источник |access-date=2021-03-29 |archive-date=2020-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415173600/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhTUiIey00A |deadlink=unfit }}</ref>.

[[Inson huquqlari umumjahon deklaratsiyasi]]ga asoslanib, Human Rights Watch asosiy huquq va erkinliklarning buzilishiga, jumladan, oʻlim jazosiga va jinsiy oriyentatsiyaga asoslangan kamsitishlarga qarshi. Tashkilot din erkinligi va matbuot erkinligini himoya qiladi. Ushbu maqsadlarga erishish uchun qonunbuzarliklarni cheklash va huquqbuzarlarga taʼsir oʻtkazish uchun yetakchi kuchlarni jalb qilish manfaatlarida hukumatlar va alohida siyosatchilarga jamoatchilik bosimini qoʻllaydi<ref>{{Книга|автор=|заглавие=Historical Dictionary of Human Rights and Humanitarian Organizations|ответственный=Thomas E. Doyle, Robert F. Gorman, Edward S. Mihalkanin|издание=|место=|издательство=Rowman & Littlefield|год=2016|страницы=137—138|страниц=|isbn=|isbn2=}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/frequently-asked-questions|title=Frequently Asked Questions|author=|website=|date=2008-09-24|publisher=Human Rights Watch|lang=en|accessdate=2019-02-12|archive-date=2019-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207083820/https://www.hrw.org/frequently-asked-questions|deadlink=no}}</ref>.

Human Rights Watch tashkiloti Inson huquqlari umumjahon deklaratsiyasida belgilangan xalqaro inson huquqlari standartlari va tashkilot xalqaro miqyosda tan olingan inson huquqlari boʻyicha boshqa standartlarning buzilishini oʻrganuvchi hisobotlarni nashr etadi. Ushbu hisobotlar asosida huquqbuzarliklarga xalqaro eʼtiborni qaratish, hukumatlar va xalqaro tashkilotlarga islohotlar uchun bosim oʻtkazishga harakat qilinmoqda. Tadqiqotchilar faktlarni aniqlash missiyalarini olib boradilar, diplomatiya bilan shugʻullanadilar, jabrlanganlar bilan aloqada boʻlishadi, butun jamiyat va aniq shaxslarga oid fayllarni saqlaydilar, tanqidiy vaziyatlarda shaxslarning xavfsizligini taʼminlaydilar va mahalliy va xalqaro ommaviy axborot vositalarida kerakli vaqtda kampaniyalarni boshlaydilar. Hisobotlarda ijtimoiy va gender kamsitish, qiynoqlar, askar bolalar, hukumatdagi [[korrupsiya]], jinoiy ish yuritishning buzilishi, abortni qonuniylashtirish kabi masalalar koʻrib chiqiladi

Human Rights Watch ham butun dunyoda ijodi uchun taʼqibga uchragan va moliyaviy yordamga muhtoj yozuvchilarni qoʻllab-quvvatlaydi. Hellman/Hammett grantlari dramaturg [[Lillian Hellman]] va yozuvchi [[Dashiell Hammett]] tomonidan tegishli mablagʻlar orqali moliyalashtiriladi. Toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri moliyaviy yordamdan tashqari, Hellman/Hammett grantlari inson huquqlarini himoya qilgani uchun taʼqibga uchragan faollarga xalqaro eʼtiborni qaratishga yordam beradi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/09/15/five-activists-win-human-rights-watch-awards|title=Five Activists Win Human Rights Watch Awards|author=|website=|date=2008-09-15|publisher=Human Rights Watch|lang=en|accessdate=2019-02-12|archive-date=2015-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114164835/http://www.hrw.org/news/2008/09/14/five-activists-win-human-rights-watch-awards|deadlink=no}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://socialsciences.in/article/human-rights-watch|title=Human Rights Watch|author=|last=SocialSciences.in|website=|date=2012-09-15|publisher=|deadlink=да|accessdate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915100739/http://www.socialsciences.in/article/human-rights-watch|archivedate=2012-09-15}}</ref>.

Hyuman Rayts Uotch tashkiloti har yili murosasiz inson huquqlari faolligiga namuna koʻrsatgan faollarga inson huquqlari mukofotlarini topshiradi. Laureatlar qonunbuzarliklarni tekshirish va eʼlon qilish uchun tashkilot bilan yaqindan hamkorlik qiladilar.

Human Rights Watch 1998-yilda „Bola askarlardan foydalanishga qarshi koalitsiya“ga asos solgan oltita xalqaro nohukumat tashkilotlardan biri edi. U, shuningdek, piyodalarga qarshi minalarni taqiqlash boʻyicha xalqaro kampaniyaning hamraisi boʻlib, 1997-yilda piyodalarga qarshi minalardan foydalanish, toʻplash, ishlab chiqarish va oʻtkazishni taqiqlash toʻgʻrisidagi [[Ottava konvensiyasi|Ottava konvensiyasiga]] erishishga muvaffaq boʻlgan global nohukumat koalitsiyadir.

Human Rights Watch, shuningdek, 2008-yilda xalqaro konvensiyaning qabul qilinishiga sabab boʻlgan soʻz erkinligi almashinuvi va kassetali oʻqlarga qarshi koalitsiyaning nodavlat global senzura monitoringi tarmogʻining asoschisi hisoblanadi. Human Rights Watch 275 dan ortiq xodimga (mamlakat ekspertlari, huquqshunoslar, jurnalistlar, olimlar) ega va 90 dan ortiq mamlakatlarda ishlaydi. Bosh qarorgohi [[Nyu-York]]da, [[Amsterdam]],[[ Bayrut]], [[Berlin]], [[Bryussel]], [[Chikago]], [[Jeneva]], [[Goma]], [[Yoxannesburg]], [[London]], [[Los-Anjeles]], [[Moskva]], [[Nayrobi]], [[Parij]], [[San-Fransisko]], [[Sidney]], [[Tokio]], [[Toronto]], [[Tunis]], [[Vashington]] va [[Syurixda]] joylashgan. Tashkilot vaziyatni qamrab oladigan koʻpgina mamlakatlarga toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri kirishni taʼminlaydi. Ayrim mamlakatlarga, xususan, [[Kuba]], [[Shimoliy Koreya]], [[Sudan]], [[Eron]], [[Misr]], [[BAA]] va [[Venesuela]]ga tadqiqotchilar kira olishmaydi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/join-us/human-rights-watch-council|title=The Human Rights Watch Council|author=|website=|date=2015-06-08|publisher=Human Rights Watch|lang=en|accessdate=2019-02-12|archive-date=2019-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207083949/https://www.hrw.org/join-us/human-rights-watch-council|deadlink=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Israel bans Human Right Watch worker, accuses group of peddling...|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-rights-idUSKBN16313N|work=Reuters|date=2017-02-24|accessdate=2019-02-12|language=en|archivedate=2019-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213005619/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-rights-idUSKBN16313N}}</ref>.

Hozirgi bosh direktor [[Kennet Rot]] bu lavozimda 1993-yildan 2002-yilgacha ishlagan. U 1981-yilda [[Polsha]]da favqulodda holat joriy etilganidan keyin sodir etilgan huquqbuzarliklarni va keyinchalik [[Duvalier]] diktaturasidan endigina paydo boʻlgan [[Gaitida]]gi vaziyatni hujjatlashtirgan. Rotning inson huquqlariga qiziqishi otasining 1938-yilda fashistlar [[Germaniya]]sidan qochib ketgani haqidagi hikoyalaridan kelib chiqqan. U [[Yel]] yuridik maktabi va [[Braun universiteti]]ni tamomlagan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://law.yale.edu/yls-today/yale-law-school-events/national-security-turbulent-world|title=National Security in a Turbulent World - Yale Law School|publisher=law.yale.edu|accessdate=2019-03-18|archive-date=2019-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227044547/https://law.yale.edu/yls-today/yale-law-school-events/national-security-turbulent-world|deadlink=no}}</ref>.
== Mukofotlari ==
* 1996-yilda tashkilot [[Chiko Mendes qarshilik medali]] bilan taqdirlangan.
* 1997-yilda Hyuman Rayts Votch piyodalarga qarshi minalarni taqiqlash boʻyicha xalqaro kampaniya doirasida (taʼsischilardan biri sifatida) Tinchlik uchun [[Nobel mukofoti]] laureati boʻldi va keyinchalik 2008-yilda kassetali oʻqlar toʻgʻrisidagi konventsiyani tayyorlashda yetakchi rol oʻynadi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/history|title=History|author=|website=|date=2015-04-21|publisher=Human Rights Watch|lang=en|accessdate=2019-02-12|archive-date=2017-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508233353/https://www.hrw.org/history|deadlink=no}}</ref>.
* 2005-yil aprel oyida tashkilot [[Teodor Heuss]] jamgʻarmasi mukofotiga sazovor boʻldi.
== Manbalar ==
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== Havolalar ==
{{Commons turkum|Human Rights Watch}}
* {{rasmiy sayt|https://www.hrw.org/}}


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