Kali Linux sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{OS bilgiqutisi
| name = Kali Linux
| logo = Kali_Linux_2.0_wordmark.svg
| screenshot = [[File:VirtualBox Kali Linux 29 03 2022 11 10 35.png|275px]]
| caption = 
| developer = [[Offensive Security]]
| family = [[Linux]] ([[Unix|Unix-like]])
| working state = Faol
| source model = Ochiq kodli dasturiy ta'minot
| released = {{Start date and age|2013|03|13|df=yes|paren=yes}}<ref name="releases">{{cite web|url=https://www.kali.org/kali-linux-releases/|title=Official Kali Linux Releases|access-date=2020-08-29}}</ref>
| latest release version = 
| latest release date = 
| update model = Davomli yangilanish
| package manager = [[APT menejeri]]
| supported platforms = x86, x86-64, ARM arxitekturasi
| kernel type = Monolit Linux yadrosi
| ui = [[Xfce]],<ref name="softpedia"/> [[GNOME]],<ref name="softpedia"/> [[KDE]]<ref name="softpedia"/>
| license = [[GNU]] – General Public License v3.0
| website = {{Url|https://www.kali.org/}}
| support status = Faol
}}

'''Kali Linux''' – bu raqamli ekspertiza va [[Pentester|penetratsion testlash]] uchun moʻljallangan Debian asosiga qurilgan [[Linux|Linux distributivi]]. U [[:en:Offensive_Security|Offensive Security]] tomonidan taʼminlanadi va moliyalashtiriladi.

Kali Linuxda taxminan 600 <ref name="tools">{{Veb manbasi |url=https://tools.kali.org/ |sarlavha=Kali Linux Penetration Testing Tools |ish=tools.kali.org |qaralgan sana=2019-04-10}}</ref> penetratsion sinov dasturlari (asboblari) mavjud, jumladan [[:en:Armitage_(computing)|Armitage]] (kiber hujumlarni boshqaruvchi vosita), [[:en:Nmap|Nmap]] (port skaneri), [[:en:Wireshark|Wireshark]] (paket analizatori), [[metasploit]] (penetratsion tekshiruv tizimi), [[:en:John_the_Ripper|Jon the Ripper]] (parollar buzuvchi asbob), sqlmap (SQL [[Maʼlumotlar bazasi|maʼlumotlar bazasi]] olish va inyeksiya asbobi), [[:en:Aircrack-ng|Aircrack-ng]] (LAN larga kirishni tahlil qiluvchi dasturiy vositalar toʻplami), Burp toʻplami va [[:en:OWASP_ZAP|OWASP ZAP]] [[:en:Dynamic_application_security_testing|veb-ilovalar skanerlari]]<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-metapackages/ |sarlavha=Kali Linux Metapackages |ish=www.kali.org |sana=26 February 2014 |qaralgan sana=2019-12-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Kali-Linux-arrives-as-enterprise-ready-version-of-BackTrack-1822241.html |sarlavha=Kali Linux arrives as enterprise-ready version of BackTrack - The H Open: News and Features |ish=www.h-online.com |qaralgan sana=2019-12-22}}</ref>,   va boshqalar<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.kali.org/blog/mr-robot-arg-society |sarlavha=Mr. Robot and Kali Linux |sana=29 December 2020}}</ref>.

Kali Mati Aharoni va Devon Kearns boshchiligidagi Offensive Security tomonidan [[:en:BackTrack|BackTrackni]] qayta yozish orqali ishlab chiqilgan, [[:en:BackTrack|BlackTrack]] avvalgi axborot xavfsizligini sinovdan oʻtkazish uchun [[:en:Knoppix|Knoppix]] asosidagi Linux distributividir.

Kali Linux Debain Testingga asoslangan. Kali foydalanadigan paketlarning aksariyati Debian [[Dasturiy taʼminot ombori|repozitoriyasidan]] import qilinadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://docs.kali.org/policy/kali-linux-relationship-with-debian |sarlavha=Kali's Relationship With Debian |nashriyot=Kali Linux |sana=2013-03-11 |qaralgan sana=2019-04-10}}</ref>.

Kali Linuxning mashhurligi ''Mr. Robot'' teleserialining bir nechta epizodlarida namoyish etilganidan soʻng yanada oshdi. Ushbu teleserialda namoyish etilgan asboblar: Bluesniff, Bluetooth Scanner (btscanner), Jon Ripper, Metasploit Framework, Nmap, Shellshock va Wget Kali Linux tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan vositalar tarkibiga kiradi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://itsfoss.com/kali-linux-review/ |sarlavha=The Kali Linux Review You Must Read Before You Start Using it |muallif=Leroux |ism=Sylvain |ish=itsfoss.com |sana=3 May 2017 |til=en-US |qaralgan sana=2020-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Grauer |first=Yael |date=2015-08-26 |title=A Peek Inside Mr. Robot's Toolbox |work=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/08/peek-inside-mr-robots-toolbox/ |access-date=2020-04-15 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://hackertarget.com/hacker-tools-mr-robot/ |sarlavha=Exploring the Hacker Tools of Mr Robot |sana=2015-08-21 |ish=HackerTarget.com |til=en-US |qaralgan sana=2020-04-15}}</ref>.

Kali Linux va BackTrack shiorlari „Qancha tinch boʻlsangiz, shuncha koʻp eshitasiz“ boʻlib, ushbu shior serialning baʼzi epizodlarida koʻrsatib  o'tildi.

== Versiya ==
Birinchi versiya, 1.0.0 „moto“ 2013 yil mart oyida chiqarilgan.

2019-yil noyabr oyida 2019.4 versiyasi bilan standart foydalanuvchi interfeysi [[:en:GNOME|GNOME]]<nowiki/>dan [[:en:Xfce|Xfce]]<nowiki/>ga oʻzgartirildi, biroq GNOME versiyasi hali ham mavjud<ref name="softpedia">{{Veb manbasi |ism=Marius |muallif=Nestor |qaralgan sana=2019-11-29 |sarlavha=Kali Linux Ethical Hacking OS Switches to Xfce Desktop, Gets New Look and Feel |url=https://news.softpedia.com/news/kali-linux-ethical-hacking-os-switches-to-xfce-desktop-gets-new-look-and-feel-528328.shtml |ish=softpedia |sana=26 November 2019}}</ref>.

2020-yil avgust oyida 2020.3 versiyasi bilan standart [[terminal]] Bashdan ZSHga oʻzgartirildi, Bash terminali esa tanlov varianti sifatida qoldi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |muallif= |ism= |sana=18 November 2020 |sarlavha=Kali Linux 2020.4 Release |url=https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-2020-4-release/ |arxivurl= |arxivsana= |qaralgan sana=2021-01-12 |ish=www.kali.org}}</ref>.

== Tizim talablari ==
Kali Linux quyidagilarni talab qiladi:

* Versiyaga qarab oʻrnatish uchun qattiq diskda kamida 20 GB boʻsh joy, 2020.2 versiyasi kamida 20 GB talab qiladi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Kali Linux Hard Disk Install |url=https://www.kali.org/docs/installation/kali-linux-hard-disk-install/ |ish=Kali Linux Official Documentation |qaralgan sana=2020-05-28 |arxivsana=2020-05-19 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519234025/https://www.kali.org/docs/installation/kali-linux-hard-disk-install/}}</ref>.
* i386 va AMD64 arxitekturalari uchun kamida 2 GB operativ xotira.
* Oʻrnatuvchi CD-DVD drayveri yoki USB fleshka.
* Eng yaxshi samaradorlik uchun kamida [[Intel Core i3]] yoki [[AMD E1]] protsessori.

Barcha imkoniyatlarni oʻz ichiga olgan versiya uchun tavsiya etilgan apparat spetsifikatsiyasi:

* 50 GB qattiq disk maydoni, [[SSD]] disk tavsiya etiladi.
* Kamida 2 GB [[Tezkor xotira|operativ xotira]].

== Qoʻllab-quvvatlanadigan platformalar ==
Kali Linux 32-bitli va 64-bitli tasvir bilan x86 instruksiya toʻplamiga asoslangan xostlarda foydalanish uchun, hamda Beagle Board kompyuterida va Samsungning ARM Chromebook kompyuterida foydalanish uchun ARM arxitekturasida tasvir fayli sifatida tarqatiladi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.itnews.com.au/news/backtrack-successor-kali-launched-336420 |sarlavha=BackTrack successor Kali Linux launched |nashriyot=[[SC Magazine]] |ism=Darren |muallif=Pauli |sana=2013-03-13 |qaralgan sana=2019-04-10}}</ref>.

Kali Linux ishlab chiquvchilari Kali Linuxni koʻplab ARM arxitekturasidagi qurilmalar uchun ham chiqarishni maqsad qilishgan<ref name="Interview with Mati">{{Veb manbasi |url=https://lifehacker.com/behind-the-app-the-story-of-kali-linux-1666168491 |sarlavha=Behind the App: The Story of Kali Linux |nashriyot=Lifehacker |muallif=Orin |ism=Andy |sana=2014-12-03 |qaralgan sana=2019-04-10 |iqtibos=Mati Aharoni: One of our goals with Kali is to provide images of the operating system for all sorts of exotic hardware—mainly ARM based. This includes everything from Raspberry Pi's to tablets, to Android TV devices, with each piece of hardware having some unique property.}}</ref>.

Kali Linux allaqachon Asus Chromebook Flip C100P, BeagleBone Black, HP Chromebook, CubieBoard 2, CuBox, CuBox-i, Raspberry Pi, EfikaMX, Odroid U2, Odroid XU, Odroid XU3, Samsung Chromebook, Utilite Pro, Galaxy Note 1 qurilmalari uchun mavjud<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://docs.kali.org/category/kali-on-arm |sarlavha=04. Kali Linux on ARM |qaralgan sana=2019-09-04}}</ref>.

Kali NetHunter kelishi bilan Kali Linux rasmiy ravishda Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 7, Nexus 9, Nexus 10, OnePlus One kabi Android qurilmalarda ham mavjud boʻldi. Bundan tashqari, norasmiy hamjamiyatlar yordamida Kali Linux yana boshqa qurilmalar uchun ham ishlab chiqilmoqda.

Shuningdek, Kali Linux [[Windows 10]], [[:en:Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux|Windows Subsystem for Linux(WSL)]] da ham mavjud. Windows uchun rasmiy Kali distributivini Microsoft Storedan yuklab olish mumkin<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-in-the-windows-app-store/ |sarlavha=Kali Linux in the Windows App Store |sana=2018-03-05 |qaralgan sana=2019-04-10 |nashriyot=Kali Linux |muallif=muts}}</ref>.

== Xususiyatlari ==
Kali Linuxda Kali NetHunter deb nomlangan maxsus Android qurilmalari uchun yaratilgan loyiha mavjud<ref name="nethunter">{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.kali.org/kali-linux-nethunter/ |sarlavha=Kali Linux NetHunter for Nexus and OnePlus |qaralgan sana=2019-04-10}}</ref>.

Bu Kali hamjamiyatining aʼzosi boʻlmish „BinkyBear“ va Offensive Security oʻrtasida hamkorlikda yaratilgan Nexus qurilmalari uchun birinchi ochiq manbali Android penetratsion testlash platformasi. U Wireless 802.11 freym inyeksiyasini, bir bosishli MANA Evil Access Point sozlamalari, HID klaviaturasini (Teensy like hujumlari), shuningdek Bad USB MITM hujumlarini qoʻllab-quvvatlaydi<ref name="nethunter" />.

BackTrack sud-tibbiy rejim deb nomlanuvchi rejimni ham oʻz ichiga olgan boʻlib, u Kaliga jonli yuklanish orqali oʻtkaziladi. Ushbu rejim juda koʻp omillarga koʻra ancha mashhur, koʻp Kali foydalanuvchilari allaqachon yuklanadigan Kali USB qurilmasiga yoki CDga ega va bu parametr Kalini raqamli sud-tibbiyot ishiga qoʻllashni osonlashtiradi. Raqamli sud-tibbiy rejimida yuklanganda, tizim ichki qattiq diskka tegmaydi yoki xotiradagi boʻsh kataklar oʻrnini almashtirmaydi va avtomatik oʻrnatish oʻchirib qoʻyiladi. Biroq, ishlab chiquvchilar Kalini haqiqiy dunyo kriminalistikasi uchun ishlatishdan oldin foydalanuvchilarga ushbu imkoniyatlardan sinov tariqasida foydalanib koʻrishni tavsiya etadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://docs.kali.org/general-use/kali-linux-forensics-mode |sarlavha=Kali Linux Forensics Mode |qaralgan sana=2019-04-10}}</ref>.

== Asboblar ==
Kali Linux quyidagi xavfsizlik vositalarini oʻz ichiga oladi<ref name="tools" />: {{div col}}
* Aircrack-ng
* Autopsy (software)|Autopsy
* Armitage (computing)|Armitage
* Burp suite
* BeEF
* Cisco Global Exploiter
* Ettercap (software)|Ettercap
* Hashcat
* John the Ripper
* Kismet (software)
* Lynis
* Maltego
* [[Metasploit]] framework
* Nmap
* Nikto (vulnerability scanner)
* OWASP ZAP
* Social engineering (security) tools
* Sqlmap
* Wireshark
* WPScan
* Nessus (software)|Nessus
* Zenmap
* Hydra (software)
* Reverse engineering toolkit
* Foremost (software)
* Volatility (memory forensics)
* VulnHub{{div col end}}
Ushbu vositalar bir qancha maqsadlar uchun ishlatilishi mumkin, ularning aksariyati tarmoq ilovasidan foydalanish, tarmoqni aniqlash, [[IP-manzil]]<nowiki/>ni skanerlash kabilarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Oldingi versiyadagi koʻplab uskuna va vositalar ([[:en:BackTrack|BackTrack]]) eng samarali penetratsion test ilovalarini ishlab chiqich uchun olib tashlandi.

Offensive Security oʻzining „Kali Linux Revealed“ kitobini taqdim etgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Hertzog |first=Raphael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6n9atAEACAAJ |title=Kali Linux Revealed: Mastering the Penetration Testing Distribution |date=2017-06-05 |publisher=Offsec Press |isbn=978-0-9976156-0-9 |language=en}}</ref>, va uni bepul yuklab olish mumkin<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |url=https://kali.training/downloads/Kali-Linux-Revealed-1st-edition.pdf |title=Kali Linux Revealed |accessdate=2020-03-17 |chapterurl=https://kali.training/downloads/Kali-Linux-Revealed-1st-edition.pdf |archive-date=2021-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102180929/https://kali.training/downloads/Kali-Linux-Revealed-1st-edition.pdf }}</ref>.

== Yana qarang ==

* [[:en:Kali_NetHunter|Kali NetHunter]]
* [[:en:BackBox|BackBox]]
* [[Ubuntu]]
* [[:en:List_of_digital_forensic_tools|Raqamli sud-tibbiyot vositalari roʻyxati]]
* [[:en:OpenVAS|OpenVAS]]
* [[:en:Parrot_OS|Parrot Security OS]]
* [[:en:BlackArch|BlackArch]]

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==

* {{Rasmiy sayt|https://www.kali.org}}
* {{Twitter|kalilinux|Kali Linux}}
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