Muhammadning farzandlari sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
| ismi               = Muhammadning farzandlari
| image              = 
| asl_ismi        = {{lang|ar|أولاد محمد}}
| bolalari = {{aligned table|style=line-height:120%;|leftright=y|row1header=y|nowrap1=y|nowrap2=y
           | Muhammadning farzandlari   | Tugʻilgan–Oʻlgan
           | [[Qosim ibn Muhammad|Qosim]]   |598–601
           | [[Zaynab bint Muhammad|Zaynab]] |599–629
           | [[Ruqayya binti Muhammad|Ruqayya]] |601–624
           | [[Ummu Kulsum bint Muhammad|Ummu Kulsum]] |603–630
           | [[Fotima]]      |605/15–632
           | [[Abdulloh ibn Muhammad|Abdulloh]] |611–615
           | [[Ibrohim ibn Muhammad|Ibrohim]]         |630–632
           
}}
| family = [[Banu Hashim]]
}}
Aksariyat manbalarda [[islom]] [[paygʻambar]]i [[Muhammad|Muhammadning alayhissalom]]  [[Abdulloh ibn Muhammad|Abdulloh]], [[Ibrohim ibn Muhammad|Ibrohim]] va [[Qosim ibn Muhammad|Qosim]] ismli uchta oʻgʻli hamda [[Fotima]], [[Ruqayya binti Muhammad|Ruqayya]], [[Ummu Kulsum bint Muhammad|Ummu Kulsum]] va [[Zaynab bint Muhammad|Zaynab]] ismli toʻrtta qizi borligi keltiriladi. Muhammad alayhissalomning farzandlari uning birinchi xotini [[Xadicha bint Xuvaylid]]dan tugʻilgan, faqat uning oʻgʻli Ibrohimgina [[Mariya al-Qibtiya]]dan tugʻilgan. Muhammad alayhissalomning  oʻgʻillaridan hech biri balogʻat yoshigacha yashamagan, lekin uning [[Zayd ibn Horisa]] ismli balogʻat yoshiga yetib borgan asrab olgan oʻgʻli bor edi. Muhammad alayhissalomning barcha qizlari voyaga yetdi, lekin ulardan faqat Fotimagina naslini davom ettirgan. Baʼzi [[Shialik|shia]] manbalarida Xadichaning keksa yoshiga iqtibos keltirgan holda, „Fotima Muhammadning yagona biologik qizi boʻlgan“ deyiladi, bunga dalil sifatida esa uning Ruqayya, Ummu Kulsum va Zaynabdan farqli ravishda Muhammad bilan yaqin munosabatda boʻlganligi keltiriladi. Fotima Muhammadning yagona biologik qizi ekanligi haqidagi qarash shia [[musulmon]]lari orasida eng keng tarqalgan fikrdek koʻrinadi.

== Sunniy manbalarida ==
[[Xronologik usul|Xronologik tartibda]] koʻpchilik [[sunniylik|sunniy]] manbalarda islom paygʻambari Muhammadning farzandlari roʻyxati shunday keltirilgan:

* Qosim (598–601)
* Zaynab (599–629)
* Ruqayya (601–624)
* Ummu Kulsum (603–630)
* Fotima (605–632){{sfn|Buehler|2014}}
* Abdulloh (611–615)
* Ibrohim (630–632)
Sunniylarning fikriga koʻra, Mariya al-Qibtiyadan tugʻilgan Ibrohimdan tashqari Muhammadning barcha farzandlarini birinchi xotini Xadicha binti Xuvaylid dunyoga keltirgan{{sfn|Ali|2008|p=17}}.

== Shia manbalarida ==
Xadicha keksa yoshida bunchalik koʻp bola tugʻishi mumkin emas{{Sfn|Ali|2008|p=17}}. Shuning uchun baʼzi shia manbalari Ruqayya, Ummu Kulsum va Zaynabni Xadichaning singlisi boʻlgan Hala vafotidan soʻng, Muhammad tomonidan asrab olingan{{sfn|Abbas|2021|p=33}}{{sfn|Fedele|2018|p=56}} yoki uchalasi Xadichaning oldingi [[nikoh]]idan boʻlgan qizlari, deb taʼkidlaydilar{{Sfn|Keaney|2021|p=135}}. Ilk musulmonlardan boʻlgan [[Usmon ibn Affon]]ga ketma-ket turmushga chiqishdan oldin Ruqayya va Ummu Kulsum dastlab [[mushrik]]larga turmushga chiqqanlar, shia manbalari mualliflari Muhammad oʻzining biologik qizlari uchun bunga ruxsat bermagan boʻlardi, deb bunga dalil keltiradilar{{Sfn|Keaney|2021|p=135}}. Shuningdek, ular Fotimadan farqli ravishda Muhammad va Ruqayya, Zaynab yoki Ummu Kulsum oʻrtasida yaqin munosabatlarga oid tarixiy dalillar yoʻqligini keltiradilar{{Sfn|Keaney|2021|p=135}}. Fotimaning Muhammadning yagona biologik qizi ekanligi haqiqatan ham islomning shia mazhabida{{sfn|Abbas|2021|p=33}} yoki hech boʻlmaganda islomning shia mazhabining asosiy tarmogʻi boʻlgan [[Oʻn ikki imom|oʻn ikki shialikda]] asosiy fikr boʻlgan boʻlishi mumkin{{sfn|Fedele|2018|p=56}}. Xususan, bu eʼtiqod [[Janubiy Osiyo]]dagi shialarda keng tarqalgan{{sfn|Hyder|2006|p=75}}.
== Avlodlari ==
Muhammadning oʻgʻillarining hammasi bolaligida vafot etgan boʻlsa-da{{sfn|Hughes|1885|p=869}}{{sfn| Peterson|2001|p=497}}, uning Zayd ibn Horisa ismli katta oʻgʻli ham bor edi{{sfn|Hazleton|2013|pp=67, 68}}{{sfn| Peterson|2001|p=497}}. Baʼzilar oʻgʻillarining erta oʻlimini Muhammadning merosxoʻrligiga asoslangan tizimga zarar yetkazgan deb taxmin qilishdi{{sfn| Peterson|2001|p=497}}. Muqobil nuqtai nazarga koʻra, oʻtmish paygʻambarlarning avlodlari ularning maʼnaviy va moddiy merosxoʻrlari boʻlishadi, oʻtmish paygʻambarlarning vorislari esa [[Qurʼon]]dagi ilohiy tanlov orqali hal qilinadi, dindorlar tomonidan emas{{sfn|Madelung|1997|pp=9, 17}}{{sfn|Jafri|1979|pp=14-16}}.

Muhammadning qizlari balogʻat yoshigacha yetib borgan, lekin ularning hammasi nisbatan yosh vafot etgan{{sfn|Peterson|2001|p=497}}, shuningdek, Fotimadan boshqa hech kim naslni davom ettirmagan{{sfn|Ali|2008|p=17}}. Fotima Muhammadning amakivachchasi [[Ali ibn Abu Tolib]]ga turmushga chiqdi va undan Xasan, Xusan va Muhsin ismli 3 oʻgʻil farzand koʻrdi. Muhsin bolaligida vafot etdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://qadriyat.uz/tarix/siyrat/649-rasulullo-ning-farzandlari |sarlavha=Rasulullohning farzandlari |sana=2014-12-13 |qaralgan sana=2024-01-31 |arxivsana=2024-01-31 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131054535/https://qadriyat.uz/tarix/siyrat/649-rasulullo-ning-farzandlari }}</ref>. Biroq, Xasan va Xusan orqali Muhammadning avlodlari butun musulmon olamiga tarqaldi{{sfn|Buehler|2014}}. Fotimaning avlodlariga [[sayyid]] („xoʻjayin, janob“) yoki [[sharif]] („aslzoda“) sharafli unvonlari berilgan va ular musulmon jamiyatida hurmatga sazovordir{{sfn|Buehler|2014}}{{sfn|Fedele|2018|p=56}}{{sfn|Kazuo|2012|p=2}}. Ruqayya va Ummu Kulsum birin-ketin Usmon ibn Affonga, Zaynab esa Muhammadning boshqa sahobasi [[Abul Os ibn Robiʼ|Abu al-Os ibn ar-Rabiy]]ga turmushga chiqdi. Ummu Kulsum farzand koʻrmadi, Ruqayya esa Abdulloh ismli oʻgʻil koʻrdi, biroq u bolaligidayoq vafot etdi{{sfn|Madelung|1997|pp=364}}{{sfn|Ahmed|2011|p=50}}. Zaynab Ali ismli oʻgʻil tugʻdi, u ham bolaligida vafot etdi va shundan keyin Umoma ismli qiz ham dunyoga keltirdi. Ali ibn Abu Tolib milodiy 632-yilda Fotima vafotidan soʻng uylandi{{sfn|Haylamaz|2007|p=83}}. [[Hadis]] adabiyotida qayd etilgan Muhammadning farzandlariga boʻlgan munosabati va muomalasi musulmonlar tomonidan taqlid qilinadigan namuna sifatida koʻriladi{{sfn|Yust|2006|p=72}}.

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Muhammad]]
* [[Muhammadning ayollari]]
* [[Sahoba]]
* [[Ahl ul-Bayt]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Islom]]
[[Turkum:Muhammad]]
[[Turkum:Islom tarixi]]
[[Turkum:Muhammadning farzandlari]]

== Adabiyotlar ==
* {{Cite book |last=Abbas |first=H. |title=The Prophet's Heir: The Life of Ali ibn Abi Talib |publisher=Yale universiteti nashriyoti |year=2021 |isbn=9780300252057 |author-link=Hassan Abbas (scholar)}}
* {{cite book|last1= Ahmed|first1=A.Q.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1dwdBDDjcUC&q=The+Hijazi+elite+sa%27d+waqqas+descendants|title=The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies|date=2011|publisher=Occasional Publications UPR|isbn=9781900934138}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|title=Khadijah|editor-first=B.G.|editor-last=Smith|volume=3|year=2008|publisher=Oxford universiteti nashriyoti|isbn=9780 195148909|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped0000unse_k2h2/page/16/mode/2up|url-access=registration|pages=17{{ndash}}18|author-first=K.|author-last=Ali|seperator=}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2014 |title=Fatima (d. 632) |encyclopedia=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopaedia of the Prophet of God |publisher=ABC-CLIO |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1/page/182/mode/2up |editor1-last=Fitzpatrick |editor1-first=Coeli |volume=1 |pages=182–187 |isbn=9781610691789 |editor2-last=Walker |editor2-first=A.H. |author-last=Buehler |author-first=A.F. |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2018 |title=Fatima (605/15{{endash}}632 CE) |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions |publisher=ABC-CLIO |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jt91DwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA56 |editor-last=de-Gaia |editor-first=S. |page=56-b |isbn=9781440848506 |author-last=Fedele |author-first=V.|url-access=registration|seperator=}}
* {{cite book|last1=Haylamaz|first1=R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egP1Mk_NFcoC|title=Khadija: The First Muslim and the Wife of the Prophet Muhammad|date=2007|publisher=Tughra Books|year=2007|isbn=9781597841214|language=English}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hazleton|first=L.|title=The First Muslim: The Story of Muhammad|url=https://archive.org/details/firstmuslimstory0000hazl_o5n7|publisher=Atlantic Books Ltd|year=2013|isbn=9781782392316|author-link=Lesley Hazleton}}
* {{cite book|author-last=Hughes|author-first=T.P. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85089|title=Dictionary of Islam|publisher=[[W. H. Allen & Co.|W.H. Allen]]|year=1885|author-link=Thomas Hughes (priest)}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hyder |first=S.A. |url=https://archive.org/details/RelivingKarbalaSyedAkbarHyder/mode/2up |title=Reliving Karbala: Martyrdom in South Asian Memory |publisher=Oxford universiteti nashriyoti |year=2006 |isbn=9780195373028 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Jafri |first=S.H.M |url=https://archive.org/details/OriginsAndEarlyDevelopmentOfShiaIslamBySyedHusainMohammadJafri/mode/2up |title=Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam |publisher=Longman |year=1979 |location=London|author-link=Husain Mohammad Jafri}}
* {{cite book|title=Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim societies: The Living Links to the Prophet|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|isbn=9780415519175|editor1-last=Kazuo|editor1-first=M.|chapter=How to Behave Toward ''sayyid''s and ''sharīf''s: A Trans-Sectarian Tradition of Dream Accounts|author-first=M.|author-last=Kazuo}}
* {{cite book |title='Uthman ibn 'Affan: Legend or Liability? |author-first=H.N. |author-last=Keaney |publisher=Oneworld Academic |year=2021 |isbn=9781786076977}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Khetia |first=V. |title=Fatima as a Motif of Contention and Suffering in Islamic Sources |date=2013 |publisher=Concordia universiteti |url=https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976817/ |page=}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Madelung |author-first=W. |url=https://archive.org/details/successiontomuam0000made/mode/2up |title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate |publisher=Cambridge universiteti nashriyoti |year=1997 |isbn=9780521561815 |author-link=Wilferd Madelung |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |editor1-first=D.N. |editor1-last=Freedman |url=https://archive.org/details/riversofparadise0000unse/page/456/mode/2up |title=The Rivers of Paradise: Moses, Buddha, Confucius, Jesus, and Muhammad as Religious Founders |editor2-last=McClymond |editor2-first=M.J. |publisher=William B. Eerdmans nashriyot kompaniyasi |year=2001 |isbn=0802845401 |chapter=Muhammad |author-first=D.C. |author-last=Peterson |url-access=registration |pages=457{{ndash}}612}}
* {{cite thesis |author-last= |author-first= |title=The Image of Fatima in Classical Muslim Thought |publisher=Princeton universiteti |last=Soufi |first=D.L. |date=1997 |degree=PhD |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/304390529 |id={{ProQuest|304390529}}}}
* {{cite book|title=Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions|url=https://archive.org/details/nurturingchildad0000unse|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2006|isbn=9780742544635|editor1-last=Yust|editor1-first=K.M.}}
{{refend}}