Shauarma sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Taom bilgiqutisi|name=Shauarma|image=File:Al-Naser Restaurant.jpg|caption=shauarma|type=Go'shtli taom|main_ingredient=Go'sht:mol,qo'y, tovuq
Sendvich: Shauarma go'shti, pita yoki o'ralgan non, tug'ralgan yoki maydalangan sabzavotlar, tuzlangan bodring va turli xil ziravorlar}}

'''Shauarma''' ({{IPAc-en|ʃ|ə|ˈ|w|ɑːr|m|ə}} ; {{Lang-ar|شاورما}}) — [[Usmonlilar imperiyasi]]da paydo boʻlgan mashhur Yaqin Sharq taomidir<ref name="Marks 2010" /><ref name="Prichep 2015">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-05-07/thank-ottoman-empire-taco-youre-eating|sarlavha=Thank the Ottoman Empire for the taco al pastor|muallif=Prichep|ism=Deena|sana=2015-05-07|ish=PRI|kirish sanasi=19 March 2017|qaralgan sana=2022-09-03|arxivsana=2015-05-08|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508144455/https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-05-07/thank-ottoman-empire-taco-youre-eating}}</ref><ref name="Salloum 2012">{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5TTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA66|title=The Arabian Nights Cookbook: From Lamb Kebabs to Baba Ghanouj, Delicious Homestyle Arabian Cooking|last=Salloum|first=Habeeb|publisher=Tuttle Pub|year=2010|isbn=9781462905249|location=Tokyo|pages=66|oclc=782879761}}</ref><ref name="Mattar2004">{{Kitob manbasi|last=Philip Mattar|title=Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: D-K|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yqgUAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Shawarma+is+a+popular+Levantine+Arab+specialty.%22|year=2004|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA|isbn=978-0-02-865771-4|pages=840}}</ref> yupqa boʻlaklarga boʻlingan, konussimon shaklda qoʻyilgan va asta-sekin aylanadigan vertikalda qovurilgan goʻshtdan iborat. Anʼanaviy ravishda qoʻzichoq yoki qoʻy goʻshti bilan tayyorlanadi, u tovuq, kurka, mol goʻshti yoki buzoq goʻshti bilan ham tayyorlanishi mumkin.<ref name="Marks 2010">{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&pg=PT1682|title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food|last=Marks|first=Gil|publisher=Wiley|year=2010|isbn=9780544186316|location=Hoboken, N.J.|oclc=849738985}}</ref><ref name="Albala 2011">{{Kitob manbasi|editor=Albala|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTo6c_PJWRgC&q=shawarma|pages=197, 225, 250, 260–261, 269|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|date=2011|isbn=9780313376269}}</ref><ref name="Davidson 2014">{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA259|title=The Oxford Companion to Food|last=Davidson|first=Alan|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=9780191040726|editor=Jaine|series=Oxford Companions|location=Oxford|pages=259|oclc=1119636257}}</ref> Pishirilgan yuzadan yupqa boʻlaklar kesiladi, chunki u doimiy ravishda aylanib pishadi.<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yqgUAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Shawarma+is+a+popular+Levantine+Arab+specialty.%22|title=Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: D-K|last=Mattar|first=Philip|publisher=Macmillan Library Reference|year=2004|isbn=9780028657714|edition=Hardcover|series=Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa|pages=840|oclc=469317304|quote=''Shawarma is a popular Levantine Arab specialty.''}}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ier6CmQ-e-kC&q=Shawarma+arab&pg=PA115|title=Around the World of Food: Adventures in Culinary History|last=La Boone, III|first=John A.|publisher=iUniverse, Inc|year=2006|isbn=0595389686|edition=Paperback|page=115|oclc=70144831|quote=''Shawarma - An Arab sandwich similar to the gyro.''}}</ref> Shauarma [[Misr]], [[Iroq]], [[Shom]] va [[Kavkaz]], [[Hindiston]] va [[Rossiya]]ni oʻz ichiga olgan katta [[Oʻrta Sharq|Yaqin Sharqda]] mashhur koʻcha taomidir .<ref name="Street Food">{{Kitob manbasi|title=Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/streetfoodaround0000unse|last=Kraig|first=Bruce|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2013|isbn=978-1598849554|location=Santa Barbara, California|pages=xxv, 18–19, 127–129, 339|oclc=864676073}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/culture/shawarma-the-arabic-fast-food-1.503641|sarlavha=Shawarma: the Arabic fast food|muallif=Al Khan|ism=Mohammed N.|sana=31 July 2009|ish=Gulf News}}</ref>

== Etimologiya ==
''Shauarma'' [[Turk tili|turkcha]] tarjima ''soʻzining'' [[Arab tili|arabcha]] tarjimasi [tʃeviɾˈme] 'burilish', burish rotisseriega ishora qiladi.<ref name=":0"/>

== Tarixi ==
[[Fayl:Restauranthouder_bij_zijn_shoarma_spit,_Bestanddeelnr_255-6509.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Restauranthouder_bij_zijn_shoarma_spit%2C_Bestanddeelnr_255-6509.jpg/220px-Restauranthouder_bij_zijn_shoarma_spit%2C_Bestanddeelnr_255-6509.jpg|thumb| [[Livan]]dagi Shauarma, 1950 yil]]
Goʻshtni gorizontal boʻlaklarga boʻlib qovurish qadimgi tarixga ega boʻlsa-da, shauarma texnikasi &mdash; vertikal goʻsht boʻlaklarini panjara ilib qoʻyish va pishirish paytida uni kesish &mdash; birinchi marta <nowiki>XIX</nowiki> asrda [[Usmonlilar imperiyasi|Usmonli imperiyasida]], hozirgi Turkiyada paydo boʻlgan.Hozirda [[doner kabob]] shakli.<ref name="Marks 2010"/><ref name="Zeit 1996-05-10">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.zeit.de/1996/20/Doener-Fieber_sogar_in_Hoyerswerda|sarlavha=Döner-Fieber sogar in Hoyerswerda|muallif=Eberhard Seidel-Pielen|sana=May 10, 1996|ish=ZEIT ONLINE|til=de|iqtibos=Neither in the written recipes of the medieval Arab cuisine nor in the Turkish cookbooks from the first half of the 19th century are there any indications. According to research carried out by the Turkish master chef Rennan Yaman, who lives in Berlin, the doner kebab is an amazingly young creation of Ottoman cuisine. (Quote translated from the German)|kirish sanasi=May 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi|editor=Kiple|title=The Cambridge World History of Food, Volume 2|pages=1147|quote=Bursa is the town that gave birth to the world-famous ''doner kebab'', meat roasted on a vertical revolving spit.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vr2qnK_QOuAC&pg=PA1147|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2000|isbn=9780521402156}}</ref> Yunon giroslari ham, shawarma ham shundan olingan.<ref name="Marks 2010" /><ref name="Prichep 2015"/><ref name="kremezi">{{Kitob manbasi|title=Food and Language: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cooking 2009|last=Kremezi|first=Aglaia|publisher=Prospect Books|year=2010|isbn=9781903018798|editor=Hosking|location=Totnes|pages=203–204|chapter=What's in the Name of a Dish?|oclc=624419365|authorlink=Aglaia Kremezi|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ilvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT202}}</ref> Shauarma, oʻz navbatida, <nowiki>XX</nowiki> asrning boshlarida livanlik muhojirlar tomonidan olib kelingan zamonaviy Meksika taomlari tacos al pastorning rivojlanishiga olib keldi.<ref name="Prichep 2015" /><ref name="haaretz2017">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Guttman |first=Vered |date=2017-05-01 |title=How to Make Shawarma Like an Israeli |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/food/.premium-how-to-make-shawarma-like-an-israeli-1.5467110}}</ref>

== Tayyorlanishi ==
Shauarma pishirilgan va marinadlangan qoʻzichoq, qoʻy goʻshti, buzoq, mol goʻshti, tovuq yoki kurkaning yupqa boʻlaklaridan tayyorlanadi. Boʻlaklar 60sm balandlikda terib chiqiladi. Yog 'boʻlaklari qoʻshimcha shiralilik va lazzat berish uchun stackga qoʻshilishi mumkin. Dvigatel goʻsht toʻplamini elektr yoki gaz bilan ishlaydigan isitish elementi oldida asta-sekin aylantirib, tashqi qatlamni doimiy ravishda qovuradi.Odatda, pishgan goʻsht uzun tekis pichoq bilan aylanadigan stackdan kesiladi.<ref name="Marks 2010"/>

Ziravorlar orasida [[zira]], kardamon, doljin va qizil qalampir, baʼzi joylarda esa ''bahorat'' boʻlishi mumkin.<ref name="haaretz2017"/><ref name="Salloum 2012"/> Shauarma odatda sendvich yoki oʻram sifatida, [[pita]] yoki [[Lafa|laffa]] kabi yassi non bilan tortiladi.<ref name="Marks 2010"/><ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Al-Masri|first=Mohammad|title=Colloquial Arabic (Levantine): The Complete Course for Beginners|year=2016|url=https://archive.org/details/colloquialarabic0000alma|publisher=Routledge}}</ref> Yaqin Sharqda tovuq shauarma odatda sarimsoq sousi, [[kartoshka]] va tuzlangan bodring bilan tanovul qilinadi. Sendvich bilan birga beriladigan sarimsoq sousi goʻshtga bogʻliq. ''Toum'' yoki ''Tumi'' sousi sarimsoq, oʻsimlik moyi, limon va tuxum oqi yoki kraxmaldan tayyorlanadi va odatda tovuq shauarma bilan tortiladi. ''Tarator'' sousi sarimsoq, tahini sousi, limon va suvdan tayyorlanadi va mol goʻshti shauarma bilan xizmat qiladi.

Isroilda shauarma koʻpincha kurka goʻshtidan tayyorlanadi va odatda tahina sousi bilan xizmat qiladi, chunki yogurt sousini goʻsht bilan birga berish yahudiylarning sut va goʻshtni birga isteʼmol qilmaslik haqidagi parhez cheklovlarini buzadi.<ref name="haaretz2017"/> U koʻpincha toʻgʻralgan pomidor, bodring va piyoz, tuzlangan sabzavotlar, gumus, tahina sousi yoki ''amba'' mango sousi bilan bezatilgan.<ref name="Marks 2010"/> Baʼzi restoranlarda qovurilgan qalampir, baqlajon yoki [[kartoshka fri]] kabi qoʻshimcha taomlar taklif qilinishi mumkin.<ref name="haaretz2019">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Laor |first=Eran |date=2019-01-10 |title=Shawarma, the Iconic Israeli Street Food, Is Slowly Making a Comeback in Tel Aviv |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/food/.premium-shawarma-the-iconic-israeli-street-food-is-slowly-making-a-comeback-in-tel-aviv-1.6824350}}</ref>

== Galereya ==
<gallery mode="packed">
Fayl:Shawarma-sandwich-01.jpg|Pitadagi shawarma
Fayl:Shawarma, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.jpg|Shawarma lavashda
Fayl:Mixed Shawarma (2843435528).jpg|Aralash shawarma
Fayl:Shawarma preparation in central Aleppo, Syria.jpg|Kesish va tayyorlash
Fayl: Chicken Shawarma on a Stick.jpg|Shawarma plastinkada
</gallery>

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar|2}}

[[Turkum:Ko‘cha taomlari]]
[[Turkum:Kaboblar]]
[[Turkum:Iroq oshxonasi]]